Imports and Modules

WARNING

GNOME Shell and Extensions use ESModules as of GNOME 45. Please see the Legacy Documentation for previous versions.

There are effectively two types of modules that can imported in GJS, the most common being libraries in the GNOME platform, and the other being JavaScript files.

Exporting Modules

TIP

The Extension and ExtensionPreferences subclasses must be marked as the default export.

Larger extensions or extensions with discrete components often separate code into modules. You can use the exportopen in new window declaration to mark classes, functions and variables for export.

import * as PanelMenu from 'resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/panelMenu.js';


/**
 * Create a new indicator.
 *
 * @param {string} [name] - A name for the indicator
 * @returns {PanelMenu.Button} A new indicator
 */
export function createIndicator(name = 'Unknown') {
    return new PanelMenu.Button(0.0, name, true);
}

Importing Modules

Imports in your extension's directory can be imported using a relative path. For example, if the module above were placed in example@gjs.guide/utils.js the script above would be available at ./utils.js.

GNOME Shell modules are bundled in a GResource and the importopen in new window statement must use a resource:// URI. Note that extension code (i.e. extension.js) uses the base path resource:///org/gnome/shell/js/, while preferences (i.e. prefs.js) uses the base path resource:///org/gnome/Shell/Extensions/js/.

/* GNOME Shell modules are imported with a GResource path */
import {Extension} from 'resource:///org/gnome/shell/extensions/extension.js';
import * as Main from 'resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/main.js';

/* Your extension's modules are imported with a relative path */
import * as Utils from './utils.js';


/* The default export for `extension.js` and `prefs.js` must be the class */
export default class ExampleExtension extends Extension {
    enable() {
        this._indicator = Utils.createIndicator(this.metadata.name);
        Main.panel.addToStatusArea(this.uuid, this._indicator);
    }

    disable() {
        this._indicator?.destroy();
        this._indicator = null;
    }
}

Many of the elements in GNOME Shell like panel buttons, popup menus and notifications are built from reusable classes and functions, found in modules like these:

• js/ui/modalDialog.jsopen in new window
• js/ui/popupMenu.jsopen in new window
• js/ui/quickSettings.jsopen in new window

You can browse around in the js/ui/ folder or any other JavaScript file under js/ for more code to be reused. Notice the path structure in the links above and how they compare to the imports below:

import * as ModalDialog from 'resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/modalDialog.js';
import * as PopupMenu from 'resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/popupMenu.js';
import * as QuickSettings from 'resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/quickSettings.js';

Importing Libraries

Extensions can import libraries from the GNOME platform, or any other library supporting GObject Introspectionopen in new window. There are also a few built-in libraries such as Cairoopen in new window and Systemopen in new window that are imported differently.

/* GJS's Built-in modules have custom specifiers */
import Cairo from 'cairo';
import System from 'system';


/* Common imports found in `extension.js` */
import Clutter from 'gi://Clutter';
import Meta from 'gi://Meta';
import St from 'gi://St';
import Shell from 'gi://Shell';


/* Common imports found in `prefs.js` */
import Gdk from 'gi://Gdk?version=4.0';
import Gtk from 'gi://Gtk?version=4.0';
import Adw from 'gi://Adw';